Waterfall-Based Design and Implementation of a Web-Based Medicine Inventory Information System
Keywords:
Information system, Inventory management, Medicine inventory, System usability scale, Waterfall methodAbstract
The management of medicine inventory in small-scale healthcare practices is often conducted using manual recording systems, which are prone to errors, inefficiencies, and difficulties in tracking stock movement. These limitations highlight the need for a reliable digital solution to improve data accuracy and operational efficiency. However, existing studies primarily focus on system functionality, with limited attention to the application of structured software development methodologies and the integration of healthcare service data. This study aims to develop a web-based medicine inventory information system using the Waterfall method to ensure a systematic and traceable development process. The proposed system was developed through sequential phases, including requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing, usability evaluation, and deployment. Functional validation was conducted using black-box testing, while usability was evaluated using the System Usability Scale involving twenty respondents. The results indicate that all system functionalities operate correctly, and the system achieved an average usability score of 78.75, which falls within the acceptable range with a “good” rating. The novelty of this study lies in the application of a structured Waterfall approach in healthcare system development and the integration of inventory management with healthcare service processes. These findings demonstrate that the proposed system is both functionally reliable and user-friendly, making it suitable for practical implementation in healthcare practice environments.
References
Cerchione, R., Centobelli, P., Riccio, E., Abbate, S., & Oropallo, E. (2023). Blockchain’s coming to hospital to digitalize healthcare services: Designing a distributed electronic health record ecosystem. Technovation, 120, 102480. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102480
Cheah, W. H., Mat Jusoh, N., Aung, M. M. T., Ab Ghani, A., & Mohd Amin Rebuan, H. (2023). Mobile Technology in Medicine: Development and Validation of an Adapted System Usability Scale (SUS) Questionnaire and Modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to Evaluate User Experience and Acceptability of a Mobile Application in MRI Safety Screening. Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging, 33(1), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758198
Esmaeilzadeh, P. (2024). Challenges and strategies for wide-scale artificial intelligence (AI) deployment in healthcare practices: A perspective for healthcare organizations. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102861
Fragidis, L., Tsamoglou, S., Kosmidis, K., & Aggelidis, V. (2024). Architectural design of national evidence based medicine information system based on electronic health record. Technology and Health Care, 32(6), 4187–4201. https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-232042
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Pratap Singh, R., & Suman, R. (2022). Medical 4.0 technologies for healthcare: Features, capabilities, and applications. In Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems (Vol. 2, pp. 12–30). KeAi Communications Co. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2022.04.001
Kartika, W., Hafida, M. M. A., & Widadi, S. (2022). Simple Patient Registration with The Waterfall Method. Proceedings - 2022 2nd International Conference on Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Intelligent System, ICE3IS 2022, 237–241. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICE3IS56585.2022.10010117
Maeda-Minami, A., Yoshino, T., Yumoto, T., Sato, K., Sagara, A., Inaba, K., Kominato, H., Kimura, T., Takishita, T., Watanabe, G., Nakamura, T., Mano, Y., Horiba, Y., Watanabe, K., & Kamei, J. (2023). Development of a novel drug information provision system for Kampo medicine using natural language processing technology. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 23(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-023-02230-3
Mishra, A., & Alzoubi, Y. I. (2023). Structured software development versus agile software development: a comparative analysis. International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management, 14(4), 1504–1522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-023-01958-5
Mureyi, D., Gwatidzo, S. D., & Matyanga, C. M. (2022). Consumers’ access to information about medicine prices and availability as an enabler of last mile medicine access: A scoping review. The Journal of Medicine Access, 6. https://doi.org/10.1177/27550834221098598
Oldfield, L. E., Yong, F., Baysari, M., Foot, H., Manias, E., Scott, I., Sim, T. F., Keijzers, G., Morgan, M., Mullan, B., Norman, R., Jackson, C., & Hattingh, L. (2025). Exploring consumer and healthcare professional perspectives on discharge medicine communication and solutions for safer transitions of care. BMC Health Services Research, 26(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-025-13900-5
Rakhmadi, A., Firdaus, M. I., & Nugroho, S. (2025). A Systematic Implementation of the Waterfall Model in E-Commerce System Development for Small Businesses. COmputing and INformation Systems Journal, 1(1). www.coins-indocompt.org
Rakhmadi, A., Rochmadi, T., Azis, A., Ayuningtyas, A., Sarmini, & Wahyusari, R. (2025). A Conceptual Framework for Integrating SUS into ITIL: Enhancing IT Service Management Through Usability Evaluation. The Indonesian Journal of Computer Science, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.33022/ijcs.v14i5.4842
Rumetna, M. S., Lina, T. N., Rajagukguk, I. S., Pormes, F. S., & Santoso, A. B. (2022). Payroll Information System Design Using Waterfall Method. International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Systems, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.25008/ijadis.v3i1.1227
Saravanos, A., & Curinga, M. X. (2023). Simulating the Software Development Lifecycle: The Waterfall Model. Applied System Innovation, 6(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/asi6060108
Sawik, B., & Płonka, J. (2022). Project and Prototype of Mobile Application for Monitoring the Global COVID-19 Epidemiological Situation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031416
Troville, J., Rudin, S., & Bednarek, D. R. (2023). A Prototype Software System for Intra-procedural Staff Dose Monitoring and Virtual Reality Training for Fluoroscopically Guided Interventional Procedures. Journal of Digital Imaging, 36(3), 1091–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-023-00790-4
Yunitarini, R., & Widiaswanti, E. (2024). Analysis and Design of Indonesian Traditional Medicine (Jamu) Information System by using Prototyping Model (Case Study: Madura Island). E3S Web of Conferences, 483, 03012. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202448303012
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Teknologi dan Riset Informatika
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
